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12-07

Spanning a hundred years, count the development history of excavators

Throughout the history of industrialization in the world, the source of modern excavation machinery can be traced back to the silt excavator that appeared in Siena, Italy at the end of the 15th century. Since water navigation has always been a very important mode of transportation in Italy, it requires frequent dredging of the river. According to "Da Vinci's Notes", this type of excavator consists of two small boats side by side, a waterwheel-like runner is erected between the sides, and buckets are installed at the ends of wooden poles protruding from the four corners of the runners, which are driven by manpower. The wheel rotates to allow the bucket to dig into the river bottom to shovel the silt. The bucket capacity generally does not exceed 0.2-0.3 cubic meters. When the bucket full of silt rotates to the top, the silt will be dumped into the cabin through the skateboard. This should be the prototype of a multi-bucket excavator. In 1712, the British Thomas Newcomen (Thomas Newcomen) invented the piston steam engine, which was improved by Watt and was made into a Watt steam engine in 1769. Its energy efficiency is more than 5 times higher than that of the Newcomen steam engine. The wide application of steam engines has caused excavation machinery to shift from manual drive to mechanical drive. Between 1833-1835, William Otis, a railroad engineer in Philadelphia, USA, designed and manufactured the first boom-type single-bucket excavator powered by a steam engine and installed on a railroad flat car. It adopts a mixed structure of iron and wood, and the boom rotation is still pulled by manpower with ropes, and the belt-shaped excavation is realized by continuously extending the rails, so it is called a railway shovel (steam shovel). However, due to the premature death of Otis, patent protection and low labor costs, the Otis steam shovel was not promoted and applied. Around 1835, the steam excavator (steam shovel) developed by American William Otis became the originator of modern excavators. France produced the world's first multi-bucket excavator with a relatively mature structure in 1860 for the Suez Canal excavation project. It was not until after 1870 that the United States was building railways on a large scale, and the development of steam shovel entered the golden age with continuous improvements in performance, and began to be used in railway construction, canal excavation, open-pit mine stripping and other fields. In 1880, the first batch of semi-rotating steam shovels with tractors as the chassis appeared. At the end of the 19th century, bucket wheel excavators were widely used in lignite mining in Germany. By 1958, each bucket had a capacity of 3,600 liters. In 1889, the multi-bucket trencher produced in the United States could dig trenches 0.29 meters wide and 1.4 meters deep. In 1910, the first motor-driven steam shovel appeared in the United States and began to use crawler walking devices. In 1912, a gasoline engine and a kerosene engine driven full-rotating steam shovel appeared. In 1916, a steam shovel driven by a diesel generator appeared. In 1924, the direct drive of diesel engines began to be used on single-bucket excavators. Since then, with the development of the automobile industry, tire-type chassis began to be gradually applied to small excavators. In the 1930s, walking devices appeared. In the 1940s, a mounted excavator equipped with a hydraulic backhoe appeared on a tractor. In the early and mid-50s of the 20th century, towed full-rotation hydraulic excavators and crawler full hydraulic excavators were developed successively. The initial trial-produced hydraulic excavators used the hydraulic technology of airplanes and machine tools, and lacked hydraulic components suitable for various working conditions of the excavators, the manufacturing quality was not stable enough, and the supporting parts were not complete. With the application of hydraulic technology, in 1951, French Poclain (Poclain) launched the world's first fully hydraulic excavator. The founder of Poclain Company, Georges Bataille, was born in 1879. In 1927, he and engineer Anthony Ledger established a company in partnership with the main business of repairing agricultural machinery. In 1930, the company changed its name to Poclain Manufacturing. the company. Poclain began manufacturing small wheeled excavators in 1948, and the number of employees increased to 120. In 1951, the French company Poclain (Poclain) launched the world's first fully hydraulic shovel excavator. In October 1951, Poclain developed the first front shovel hydraulic excavator, which uses a Dodge 4x4 modified wheeled chassis, with a car cab in the front and a hydraulic excavator in the rear. The upper body composed of a console, hydraulic arm, bucket, etc., rotates around the column above the rear axle of the chassis. The square bucket has a volume of about 1 cubic meter. In 1953, Liebherr, Germany, produced the world's first full-rotation hyd
Spanning a hundred years, count the development history of excavators
12-07

Infrastructure investment plans for the first year of the "13th Five-Year Plan" are surging. The investment target of 345.4 billion yuan in the second half of the year will help construction machinery warm up

More than half of 2016 has passed. As the first year of the "13th Five-Year Plan", the infrastructure investment plan in the first half of this year was surging. The three major strategies of "One Belt and One Road", the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei were steadily advanced. Railways, highways, and waterways , Rail transit, airport and other investment plans were issued, and the three-year transportation plan was also issued in the first half of the year, providing a stage for construction machinery to exert its unique strength. Railway infrastructure will invest 345.4 billion yuan in the second half of 2016. Recently, China Railway Corporation disclosed its audit report for the first half of this year. The audit report showed that in the first half of this year, the transportation revenue was 416.3 billion yuan, down 3% year-on-year; the loss was 7.2 billion yuan, compared with the 8.8 billion yuan in the same period last year. Among them, the railway infrastructure investment has completed 264.6 billion yuan, completing 43% of the annual investment target, which means that 345.4 billion yuan of railway infrastructure investment will be completed in the second half of the year. Compared with last year, this year's railway construction has been slightly slower, and the investment task in the second half of the year will be under pressure. In order to complete the investment target for the whole year, following the approval of some new project procedures in September, the railway infrastructure construction will set off an investment boom in the near future. In terms of railway infrastructure investment, 264.6 billion yuan was completed in the first half of this year, compared with 280.7 billion yuan in the same period last year, a year-on-year decrease of 5%. The decline in investment in railway construction was not due to capital reasons. In fact, China Railway Corporation’s book currency funds were 217.7 billion yuan in the first half of this year, compared with 186.3 billion yuan in the same period last year. The task of railway construction plan in 2016 is that the planned scale of infrastructure investment is 610 billion yuan, fixed assets investment is 800 billion yuan, and the planned operation of new lines is 3,200 kilometers, double-track 3,800 kilometers, and electrified railway 5,300 kilometers, and 45 new projects are started. Funds for railway construction projects have basically been implemented. At present, it is the pre-project procedures that affect the railway construction, which has caused the slow start of the project. The large scale of investment in railway construction and the long upstream and downstream industrial chain play an important role in promoting regional economic development. It can also effectively drive central funds, local supporting facilities, corporate investment and bank financing. Therefore, railway investment plays an important role in stable growth. At present, the central and local governments have reached a consensus on speeding up railway construction. In the first half of the year, the railway construction and the preliminary work of the project are generally progressing smoothly. This year, the railway construction will still maintain an investment scale of more than 800 billion yuan. It is necessary to make efforts to promote the start of construction and ensure that it is under construction to further enhance the sense of urgency and responsibility to accelerate the preliminary work to ensure this year All 45 new projects were approved before the end of September. Development and Reform Commission: 80% of major ports will introduce railways in 2018. According to the Ministry of Communications website on the 28th, the General Office of the State Council recently forwarded the National Development and Reform Commission's "Implementation Plan for Creating a Good Market Environment to Promote the Integrated Development of Transportation and Logistics" (the "Plan"). The "Plan" proposes that by 2018, about 80% of major ports and large-scale logistics parks across the country will introduce railways, the volume of containerized iron-water combined transportation will increase by more than 10% annually, the railway container loading rate will increase to more than 10%, and the transportation empty rate will be significantly reduced. The total logistics cost of the whole society as a percentage of GDP decreased by more than 1 percentage point from 2015. By 2020, the combined transport volume of containerized iron and water will increase by more than 10% annually, the railway container loading ratio will increase to more than 15%, the convenient transportation ratio of railway goods other than bulk materials will reach 80%, the punctuality rate will reach 95%, and the empty transportation rate will drop significantly. . The total logistics cost of the society as a percentage of GDP decreased by 2 percentage points from 2015. The "Plan" p
Infrastructure investment plans for the first year of the "13th Five-Year Plan" are surging. The investment target of 345.4 billion yuan in the second half of the year will help construction machinery warm up
12-07

The domestic construction machinery industry market is still full of opportunities

In recent years, with the continuous changes in the domestic and foreign markets, rising costs in the domestic market, decreasing orders and low profit margins, many construction machinery companies are facing severe challenges in transformation and upgrading. According to data from the China Machinery Industry Federation, the annual profit growth rate of the machinery industry dropped from 55.6% in 2010 to 15.6% in 2013.　　 In the first half of the year, infrastructure investment plans were introduced intensively, and investment benefits were frequent. As far as construction machinery is concerned, while waiting for good news, construction machinery companies are actively transforming and adjusting models to promote upgrades in order to gain space for development and survival in the subsequent infrastructure boom.　　 In terms of railways, during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the construction of major projects such as central and western arterial railways, high-speed railways, inter-city railways, and surrounding interconnected railways will be accelerated. In five years, 30,000 kilometers of railways will be added, including 11,000 kilometers of high-speed railways. , It is estimated that by the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the total operating mileage of national railways will reach 150,000 kilometers.　　 In terms of highways, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the focus will be on the implementation of smooth highway networking projects, national and provincial trunk line upgrading and reconstruction projects, and rural road safety projects. In five years, 430,000 kilometers of roads will be added and 30,000 kilometers of new and reconstructed highways will be opened. It is estimated that by the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the total mileage of highways nationwide will exceed 5 million kilometers, of which the total mileage of expressways will reach 150,000 kilometers.　　 In terms of water transportation, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the building of a maritime power will be accelerated, the golden waterway of the Yangtze River will be built, and the port transformation and upgrading will be promoted. In 5 years, 500 deep-water berths in coastal ports will be added, and it is expected to reach 2,610 in 2020. In the past five years, 4,500 kilometers of waterways have been added and improved, and the planned 19,000 kilometers of high-grade inland waterways have basically been completed.  
The domestic construction machinery industry market is still full of opportunities
12-07

In the first half of the year, my country's equipment industry showed a steady and progressive development trend, and industries above designated size achieved steady growth

To accelerate the transformation and development of the equipment industry, we must first improve the ability of independent innovation; secondly, improve the level of intelligent manufacturing; thirdly, improve the level of international development. In the first half of this year, my country’s equipment industry showed a steady and progressive development trend. Among them, equipment above designated size The industrial added value has achieved steady growth, the shipbuilding industry has improved, and new energy vehicles have continued to maintain rapid growth. At the same time, there are also problems such as the continued decline in the growth rate of export delivery value, the increasing market competition, the continued sluggish investment demand, and the increased risk of excess in emerging industries. In this context, the development of China’s equipment industry should first improve its independent innovation capabilities. In addition to choosing to start the construction of a number of national innovation centers for equipment manufacturing in key areas, carry out industry-leading and common key technology research and development, technology transfer and diffusion, and first commercialization In addition to application, it is necessary to organize the implementation of major scientific and technological projects in the field of equipment and special projects for scientific research or industrialization, to demonstrate the launch of a batch of special projects to support emerging growth industries such as robotics and 3D printing, and to guide enterprises to increase R&D investment and break through technological bottlenecks. In particular, it is necessary to speed up the formulation and promotion of innovative application policies such as the insurance compensation mechanism for the first (set of) major technological equipment, encourage manufacturing enterprises and user departments to jointly carry out research and development, and promote the application of research results. Second, we must improve the level of intelligent manufacturing. On the one hand, accelerate the promotion of smart manufacturing pilot demonstrations, promote the wide application of smart manufacturing in production process, enterprise management and services, energy management, logistics, etc., accelerate the development of a batch of smart equipment and products, and promote the integrated application of smart manufacturing production models. On the other hand, it will accelerate the organization and implementation of smart manufacturing projects, develop smart products and autonomous controllable smart devices and realize industrialization, build smart factories and digital workshops in key areas, establish smart manufacturing standard systems and information security assurance systems, and build smart manufacturing networks System platform. At the same time, in conjunction with the "Internet +" plan, accelerate the development of integrated innovation and engineering applications of the integration of new-generation information technologies such as industrial cloud and the Internet with manufacturing equipment, build cooperation platforms, and accelerate the transformation of manufacturing into intelligence and service. Third, the level of international development should be improved. Not only must we strengthen the tracking of the cutting-edge technology of the international equipment manufacturing industry and international scientific and technological cooperation projects, encourage the equipment manufacturing innovation center to pilot mergers and acquisitions of overseas innovation resources, and carry out substantial R&D and innovation cooperation with international counterparts; we must also accelerate the implementation of the State Council’s "Guiding Opinions on Promoting International Cooperation in Production Capacity and Equipment Manufacturing", strengthen the National Equipment Manufacturing Innovation Center to conduct extensive international technical exchanges and economic cooperation with foreign companies, scientific research institutions, and international organizations in the formulation of low-carbon manufacturing standards and intellectual property rights. In particular, support and guide domestic superior equipment companies to focus on countries and regions along the "Belt and Road" to promote rail transit equipment, power equipment, petrochemical metallurgical equipment, automobiles, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, aviation equipment, ships and marine engineering equipment, etc. In the field, we will carry out project cooperation, overseas mergers and acquisitions, the establishment of overseas R&D centers and the construction of economic and trade zones, and continue to promote the "going global" of the equipment manufacturing industry.  
In the first half of the year, my country's equipment industry showed a steady and progressive development trend, and industries above designated size achieved steady growth
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