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12-07

Spanning a hundred years, count the development history of excavators

Throughout the history of industrialization in the world, the source of modern excavation machinery can be traced back to the silt excavator that appeared in Siena, Italy at the end of the 15th century. Since water navigation has always been a very important mode of transportation in Italy, it requires frequent dredging of the river. According to "Da Vinci's Notes", this type of excavator consists of two small boats side by side, a waterwheel-like runner is erected between the sides, and buckets are installed at the ends of wooden poles protruding from the four corners of the runners, which are driven by manpower. The wheel rotates to allow the bucket to dig into the river bottom to shovel the silt. The bucket capacity generally does not exceed 0.2-0.3 cubic meters. When the bucket full of silt rotates to the top, the silt will be dumped into the cabin through the skateboard. This should be the prototype of a multi-bucket excavator. In 1712, the British Thomas Newcomen (Thomas Newcomen) invented the piston steam engine, which was improved by Watt and was made into a Watt steam engine in 1769. Its energy efficiency is more than 5 times higher than that of the Newcomen steam engine. The wide application of steam engines has caused excavation machinery to shift from manual drive to mechanical drive. Between 1833-1835, William Otis, a railroad engineer in Philadelphia, USA, designed and manufactured the first boom-type single-bucket excavator powered by a steam engine and installed on a railroad flat car. It adopts a mixed structure of iron and wood, and the boom rotation is still pulled by manpower with ropes, and the belt-shaped excavation is realized by continuously extending the rails, so it is called a railway shovel (steam shovel). However, due to the premature death of Otis, patent protection and low labor costs, the Otis steam shovel was not promoted and applied. Around 1835, the steam excavator (steam shovel) developed by American William Otis became the originator of modern excavators. France produced the world's first multi-bucket excavator with a relatively mature structure in 1860 for the Suez Canal excavation project. It was not until after 1870 that the United States was building railways on a large scale, and the development of steam shovel entered the golden age with continuous improvements in performance, and began to be used in railway construction, canal excavation, open-pit mine stripping and other fields. In 1880, the first batch of semi-rotating steam shovels with tractors as the chassis appeared. At the end of the 19th century, bucket wheel excavators were widely used in lignite mining in Germany. By 1958, each bucket had a capacity of 3,600 liters. In 1889, the multi-bucket trencher produced in the United States could dig trenches 0.29 meters wide and 1.4 meters deep. In 1910, the first motor-driven steam shovel appeared in the United States and began to use crawler walking devices. In 1912, a gasoline engine and a kerosene engine driven full-rotating steam shovel appeared. In 1916, a steam shovel driven by a diesel generator appeared. In 1924, the direct drive of diesel engines began to be used on single-bucket excavators. Since then, with the development of the automobile industry, tire-type chassis began to be gradually applied to small excavators. In the 1930s, walking devices appeared. In the 1940s, a mounted excavator equipped with a hydraulic backhoe appeared on a tractor. In the early and mid-50s of the 20th century, towed full-rotation hydraulic excavators and crawler full hydraulic excavators were developed successively. The initial trial-produced hydraulic excavators used the hydraulic technology of airplanes and machine tools, and lacked hydraulic components suitable for various working conditions of the excavators, the manufacturing quality was not stable enough, and the supporting parts were not complete. With the application of hydraulic technology, in 1951, French Poclain (Poclain) launched the world's first fully hydraulic excavator. The founder of Poclain Company, Georges Bataille, was born in 1879. In 1927, he and engineer Anthony Ledger established a company in partnership with the main business of repairing agricultural machinery. In 1930, the company changed its name to Poclain Manufacturing. the company. Poclain began manufacturing small wheeled excavators in 1948, and the number of employees increased to 120. In 1951, the French company Poclain (Poclain) launched the world's first fully hydraulic shovel excavator. In October 1951, Poclain developed the first front shovel hydraulic excavator, which uses a Dodge 4x4 modified wheeled chassis, with a car cab in the front and a hydraulic excavator in the rear. The upper body composed of a console, hydraulic arm, bucket, etc., rotates around the column above the rear axle of the chassis. The square bucket has a volume of about 1 cubic meter. In 1953, Liebherr, Germany, produced the world's first full-rotation hyd
Spanning a hundred years, count the development history of excavators
12-07

In the first half of the year, my country's equipment industry showed a steady and progressive development trend, and industries above designated size achieved steady growth

To accelerate the transformation and development of the equipment industry, we must first improve the ability of independent innovation; secondly, improve the level of intelligent manufacturing; thirdly, improve the level of international development. In the first half of this year, my country’s equipment industry showed a steady and progressive development trend. Among them, equipment above designated size The industrial added value has achieved steady growth, the shipbuilding industry has improved, and new energy vehicles have continued to maintain rapid growth. At the same time, there are also problems such as the continued decline in the growth rate of export delivery value, the increasing market competition, the continued sluggish investment demand, and the increased risk of excess in emerging industries. In this context, the development of China’s equipment industry should first improve its independent innovation capabilities. In addition to choosing to start the construction of a number of national innovation centers for equipment manufacturing in key areas, carry out industry-leading and common key technology research and development, technology transfer and diffusion, and first commercialization In addition to application, it is necessary to organize the implementation of major scientific and technological projects in the field of equipment and special projects for scientific research or industrialization, to demonstrate the launch of a batch of special projects to support emerging growth industries such as robotics and 3D printing, and to guide enterprises to increase R&D investment and break through technological bottlenecks. In particular, it is necessary to speed up the formulation and promotion of innovative application policies such as the insurance compensation mechanism for the first (set of) major technological equipment, encourage manufacturing enterprises and user departments to jointly carry out research and development, and promote the application of research results. Second, we must improve the level of intelligent manufacturing. On the one hand, accelerate the promotion of smart manufacturing pilot demonstrations, promote the wide application of smart manufacturing in production process, enterprise management and services, energy management, logistics, etc., accelerate the development of a batch of smart equipment and products, and promote the integrated application of smart manufacturing production models. On the other hand, it will accelerate the organization and implementation of smart manufacturing projects, develop smart products and autonomous controllable smart devices and realize industrialization, build smart factories and digital workshops in key areas, establish smart manufacturing standard systems and information security assurance systems, and build smart manufacturing networks System platform. At the same time, in conjunction with the "Internet +" plan, accelerate the development of integrated innovation and engineering applications of the integration of new-generation information technologies such as industrial cloud and the Internet with manufacturing equipment, build cooperation platforms, and accelerate the transformation of manufacturing into intelligence and service. Third, the level of international development should be improved. Not only must we strengthen the tracking of the cutting-edge technology of the international equipment manufacturing industry and international scientific and technological cooperation projects, encourage the equipment manufacturing innovation center to pilot mergers and acquisitions of overseas innovation resources, and carry out substantial R&D and innovation cooperation with international counterparts; we must also accelerate the implementation of the State Council’s "Guiding Opinions on Promoting International Cooperation in Production Capacity and Equipment Manufacturing", strengthen the National Equipment Manufacturing Innovation Center to conduct extensive international technical exchanges and economic cooperation with foreign companies, scientific research institutions, and international organizations in the formulation of low-carbon manufacturing standards and intellectual property rights. In particular, support and guide domestic superior equipment companies to focus on countries and regions along the "Belt and Road" to promote rail transit equipment, power equipment, petrochemical metallurgical equipment, automobiles, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, aviation equipment, ships and marine engineering equipment, etc. In the field, we will carry out project cooperation, overseas mergers and acquisitions, the establishment of overseas R&D centers and the construction of economic and trade zones, and continue to promote the "going global" of the equipment manufacturing industry.  
In the first half of the year, my country's equipment industry showed a steady and progressive development trend, and industries above designated size achieved steady growth
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